all psychic phenomena are explained by the flow, binding, and discharge of a quantity (q) of energy through a system of neurons (ψ, φ, ω). thought is a trial action involving small quantities of bound cathexis within the ego. the ego is a constant but expandable organization of neurons that inhibits primary processes like hallucinatory wish-fulfillment and immediate motor discharge. consciousness is an indication of quality or reality registered by the ω neurons. the external world operates according to its own laws, indifferent to psychic wishing.