a dominant, high-value application comes to define the l1's economic throughput.
this application becomes utterly dependent on a small cluster of hyper-specialized, off-chain services: bespoke oracle feeds and advanced mev-maximising block builders.

these indispensable service providers achieve a near-oligopolistic position through clear profit motives and strong network effects.
their technical sophistication becomes a barrier to entry.

block producers, pursuing yield, increasingly source their block templates from these few dominant builders.
these builders naturally prioritize transactions from the dominant application and its allied oracle updates.

effective access to blockspace becomes mediated by these few, powerful off-chain entities.
censorship appears as persistent transaction reordering, prohibitive fee markets for non-favored interactions, or selective inclusion, all framed as network optimization by the application's essential service layer.

the core protocol's apparent decentralization masks this emergent concentration of control over practical state transition.